Study Guide
Overview and Test Objectives
Field 062: Deaf and Hard of Hearing
Test Overview
| Format | Computer-based test (CBT) |
|---|---|
| Number of Questions | 100 multiple-choice questions |
| Time | 2 hours 30 minutes* |
| Passing Score | 220 |
*Does not include 15-minute CBT tutorial
Test Objectives
| Subarea | Range of Objectives | Approximate Percentage of Questions on Test | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Human Development and Students with Special Educational Needs | 001–010 | 20% |
| 2 | Hearing Impairments | 011–021 | 20% |
| 3 | Assessment | 022–028 | 16% |
| 4 | Program Development and Intervention | 029–045 | 31% |
| 5 | Professional Knowledge | 046–052 | 13% |
Hover over each subarea for details of subtest content or see table above.
Sub area 1 20%, Sub area 2 20%, Sub area 3 16%, Sub area 4 31%, and Sub area 5 13%.
Subarea 1—HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND STUDENTS WITH SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS
Objective 001—Understand normal human development from infancy to 11 years.
Includes:
- the characteristics and sequence of physical, sensory, motor, cognitive, and language development from infancy to 11 years
- social and emotional characteristics of individuals from infancy to 11 years
- other developmental issues of particular importance from infancy to 11 years
Objective 002—Understand normal human development during adolescence.
Includes:
- characteristics of physical and cognitive development during adolescence
- social and emotional characteristics of adolescents
- other developmental issues of particular importance during adolescence
Objective 003—Analyze the effects of physical, biological, and environmental factors on human development.
Includes:
- the effects of physical, biological, and environmental factors on cognitive, language, social, emotional, physical, and sensorimotor development
Objective 004—Apply theories of human development and behavior.
Includes:
- theories of human development and behavior
- characteristics of human development and behavior as they relate to various theories
- the different approaches of various theories of language acquisition and development
Objective 005—Understand mental impairments.
Includes:
- types, levels, characteristics, and known causes of mental impairments
- the effects of mental impairments on human development, learning, and behavior as they relate specifically to students with hearing impairments
Objective 006—Understand specific learning disabilities.
Includes:
- types of learning disabilities and their characteristics
- theories and assumptions related to the causes of learning disabilities
- the effects of learning disabilities on human development, learning, and behavior as they relate specifically to students with hearing impairments
Objective 007—Understand emotional impairments.
Includes:
- types of social/emotional and behavioral disorders and their characteristics
- theories and assumptions related to the causes of emotional impairments
- the effects of emotional impairments and behavior disorders on human development, learning, and behavior as they relate specifically to students with hearing impairments
Objective 008—Understand speech and language impairments.
Includes:
- speech and language impairments and their characteristics, causes, and effects on human development, learning, and behavior as they relate specifically to students with hearing impairments
Objective 009—Understand physical and health impairments.
Includes:
- types of physical and health impairments and their characteristics, causes, and effects on human development, learning, and behavior as they relate specifically to students with hearing impairments
Objective 010—Understand visual impairments.
Includes:
- visual impairments and their characteristics, causes, and effects on human development, learning, and behavior as they relate specifically to students with hearing impairments
Subarea 2—HEARING IMPAIRMENTS
Objective 011—Identify characteristics and levels of hearing impairment.
Includes:
- terms related to hearing impairment
- types and levels of hearing impairment and their characteristics
- behaviors that may indicate the presence of a hearing impairment
- audiological assessment data that illustrate specific hearing impairments
Objective 012—Analyze the influence of hearing impairments on human development.
Includes:
- psychological aspects of hearing impairments
- the influence of hearing impairments on cognitive development, language and speech development, communication systems, and social and emotional development
Objective 013—Understand the causes of hearing impairments and their consequences on the individual.
Includes:
- the causes of hearing impairments
- the role of physical factors, diseases, drugs, and birth trauma that result in hearing impairments
- the variables that affect the impact of hearing impairment on the individual
Objective 014—Understand the prevention and rehabilitation of hearing impairments.
Includes:
- methods of preventing hearing impairments and preserving auditory function
- surgical procedures for improving hearing and treating hearing impairments
- rehabilitation measures for hearing impairments
- personnel involved with the treatment of hearing impairments
Objective 015—Identify linguistic features of English.
Includes:
- phonemic, morphemic, semantic, and syntactic features of English
- the forms and functions of language in communication
Objective 016—Apply principles of phonetics.
Includes:
- the classification of consonant sounds according to manner and place of production
- the classification of vowel sounds according to relative tongue placement for production
Objective 017—Understand the hearing mechanism.
Includes:
- anatomical structures involved in hearing and their functions
- the processes involved in auditory perception
Objective 018—Understand the process involved in speech production.
Includes:
- anatomical structures involved in speech production and their functions
Objective 019—Understand the basic principles of acoustics.
Includes:
- properties of sound
- speech sounds and units used to measure sound
Objective 020—Identify acoustic and visible aspects of speech.
Includes:
- acoustic aspects of speech
- visible aspects of speech and factors that influence their visibility
- distinctive features of speech that are used to discriminate among speech sounds
Objective 021—Understand the historical development of education for individuals with hearing impairments.
Includes:
- trends in the education of individuals with hearing impairments
- the achievements of persons who have influenced the education of individuals with hearing impairments
- major goals and philosophies of education for individuals with hearing impairments
Subarea 3—ASSESSMENT
Objective 022—Understand legal requirements relating to assessment.
Includes:
- state and federal requirements related to screening, referral, and assessment
- the rights of children and parents
- procedures for addressing and correcting violations of rights in relation to assessment
Objective 023—Understand formal assessment instruments.
Includes:
- types, characteristics, uses, advantages, and disadvantages of formal assessment instruments
- criteria for their evaluation
- principles and procedures for their selection
Objective 024—Understand methods of informal assessment.
Includes:
- methods, characteristics, uses, advantages, and disadvantages of informal assessment
- principles and procedures for selecting or creating informal assessment methods
Objective 025—Understand methods used to assess auditory functioning.
Includes:
- types, uses, and characteristics of tests and procedures for assessing auditory functioning
- procedures for administering auditory assessments to students with hearing impairments
- the interpretation and use of auditory test data in the development of intervention procedures
Objective 026—Understand instruments used in assessment of cognitive functioning.
Includes:
- types, characteristics, examples, and uses of instruments appropriate for the assessment of cognitive functioning of students with hearing impairments
- the interpretation and use of data from assessments of cognitive functioning in the development of IEPs
- advantages and disadvantages of instruments used in intellectual assessment
Objective 027—Understand methods used to assess the speech and language development of children with hearing impairments.
Includes:
- types, characteristics, and uses of speech and language tests for children with hearing impairments
- appropriate procedures for administering speech and language tests to children with hearing impairments
- the interpretation and use of speech and language assessment data in intervention procedures
Objective 028—Apply ongoing classroom assessment procedures.
Includes:
- procedures and methods for using and maintaining ongoing classroom assessment
- the interpretation and use of ongoing classroom assessment data in the revision of classroom intervention procedures
Subarea 4—PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND INTERVENTION
Objective 029—Identify procedures for conducting a comprehensive evaluation.
Includes:
- components of a comprehensive evaluation to determine eligibility for special education and related services
- requirements and procedures for conducting a comprehensive evaluation
Objective 030—Understand the development of Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) for students with hearing impairments.
Includes:
- members of the multidisciplinary evaluation team and the individualized educational planning committee and their roles
- information that must be specified in an IEP
- requirements for reviewing and revising an IEP
- the rights of students and parents in the development of an IEP
Objective 031—Understand the implementation of Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) for students with hearing impairments.
Includes:
- appropriate activities and curriculum components to meet various IEP objectives
- procedures for evaluating progress toward IEP objectives and goals
- appropriate ways of communicating with persons involved in the implementation of an IEP
- procedures for modifying and updating an IEP
Objective 032—Analyze the continuum of alternative placements and programs available to individuals with hearing impairments.
Includes:
- school and community placement options for students with hearing impairments
- community-based services and their characteristics
- employment opportunities for youths and adults with hearing impairments
- the advantages and disadvantages of placement options and programs within the continuum of services
Objective 033—Identify the roles of personnel who provide ancillary and other related services to students with hearing impairments.
Includes:
- the roles of ancillary and related service personnel who provide direct services and consultative services for students with hearing impairments
Objective 034—Understand early intervention for young students with hearing impairments.
Includes:
- procedures used to identify and refer students who may have hearing impairments
- theories relating to early intervention for young students with hearing impairments
Objective 035—Understand personal and group methods of utilizing amplification systems and other assistive listening devices.
Includes:
- the components of a hearing aid
- types of amplification and assistive listening devices
- procedures and criteria for maintaining and monitoring the appropriate use of hearing aids and other assistive listening devices
Objective 036—Apply techniques for developing the listening skills of students with hearing impairments.
Includes:
- techniques, activities, and appropriate sequences of activities for developing listening skills
- instructional media and materials for teaching listening skills in various situations
- activities and techniques appropriate for family members to use to aid the development of listening skills in students with hearing impairments
Objective 037—Apply techniques for stimulating the language development of students with hearing impairments.
Includes:
- techniques, activities, and appropriate sequences of activities for stimulating language development
- instructional media and materials for stimulating language development in various situations
- activities and techniques appropriate for family members to use to aid language development in students with hearing impairments
Objective 038—Understand techniques for developing and improving the speech production of students with hearing impairments.
Includes:
- techniques and activities for teaching speech production in an appropriate skill-level sequence
- instructional media and materials for improving speech production in various situations
- activities and techniques appropriate for family members to use to help improve speech production in students with hearing impairments
Objective 039—Understand modes of communication used by individuals with hearing impairments.
Includes:
- modes of communication and their characteristics
- the components of total communication
- characteristics of forms of manual communication
- techniques used in teaching receptive communication skills
Objective 040—Understand techniques for content-area instruction for students with hearing impairments.
Includes:
- appropriate techniques and activities for content-area instruction
- appropriate ways to adapt instructional methods and materials for students with hearing impairments
- ways to integrate reading and language development in content-area instruction
Objective 041—Apply intervention and instruction techniques to the education of hearing-impaired students with additional handicapping conditions.
Includes:
- appropriate intervention and instruction techniques
- ways to adapt the classroom environment to meet the needs of students with hearing impairments who have additional handicapping conditions
Objective 042—Understand ways to develop the social skills of students with hearing impairments.
Includes:
- the social needs of students with hearing impairments
- appropriate techniques for developing their social skills
- ways to counsel parents and involve them in meeting the social and emotional needs of students with hearing impairments
Objective 043—Apply techniques for providing prevocational and vocational training to students with hearing impairments.
Includes:
- appropriate techniques for providing prevocational and vocational training
- appropriate methods for assessing prevocational and vocational interests and skills
- prevocational and vocational training objectives and activities
- prevocational and vocational needs and opportunities for students with hearing impairments
Objective 044—Understand various types of behavior management techniques.
Includes:
- types of behavior management techniques and their characteristics
- the advantages, disadvantages, and applications of behavior management techniques in classroom situations
- appropriate ways to ensure coordination of a behavior management program among persons involved in the implementation of an IEP
Objective 045—Understand techniques for managing a classroom effectively.
Includes:
- techniques for managing a classroom effectively
- features that contribute to the safety, comfort, and usefulness of a classroom
- appropriate ways of adapting a classroom to meet the needs of a student with a hearing impairment
- classroom factors that may affect learning
Subarea 5—PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGE
Objective 046—Identify technological advances in special education.
Includes:
- appropriate uses of new technology related to materials and equipment in special education
- appropriate equipment and materials for various situations
Objective 047—Understand the rights of students with special educational needs, and the rights and responsibilities of their parents, teachers, administrators, and other advocates.
Includes:
- the rights of students with special educational needs
- the rights and responsibilities of parents, teachers, administrators, and other advocates
Objective 048—Apply procedures and processes for consulting with school personnel.
Includes:
- appropriate procedures for consulting with regular education personnel
- appropriate methods for reporting information to teachers and other professionals
Objective 049—Identify organizations involved with special education.
Includes:
- national, state, and local organizations that provide services to augment the special education program
Objective 050—Understand methods of communicating with and counseling students with hearing impairments and their families.
Includes:
- appropriate ways to discuss assessment results and convey information about a student's educational program and progress to family members
- appropriate ways of helping parents to understand child development and the special needs of children at all ages
- appropriate ways of providing counseling and guidance services to students with hearing impairments
- appropriate methods of coordinating techniques used in the school with those used at home
Objective 051—Demonstrate sensitivity to cultural differences among students and their families.
Includes:
- cultural similarities and differences that exist among various racial, ethnic, religious, disabled, and socioeconomic groups
- the impact of cultural group differences on student learning and behavior, and on placement decisions in special education
Objective 052—Understand current research on hearing impairments.
Includes:
- criteria for evaluating research
- sources of current research on hearing impairments
- recent research findings on hearing impairments
- appropriate ways to apply research findings in the school